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246 lines
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246 lines
14 KiB
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<title>Layout Classes</title>
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<a href="index.html">
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<font color="#004faf">Home</font></a>
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<font color="#004faf">All Classes</font></a>
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<font color="#004faf">Main Classes</font></a>
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<td align="right" valign="center"><img src="logo32.png" align="right" width="64" height="32" border="0"></td></tr></table><h1 align=center>Layout Classes</h1>
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<p> The TQt layout system provides a simple and powerful way of specifying
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the layout of child widgets.
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<p> By specifying the logical layout once, you get the following benefits:
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<ul>
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<li> Positioning of child widgets.
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<li> Sensible default sizes for top-level widgets.
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<li> Sensible minimum sizes for top-level widgets.
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<li> Resize handling.
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<li> Automatic update when contents change:
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<ul>
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<li> Font size, text or other contents of subwidgets.
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<li> Hiding or showing a subwidget.
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<li> Removal of subwidget.
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</ul>
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</ul>
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<p> TQt's layout classes were designed for hand-written C++ code, so
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they're easy to understand and use.
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<p> The disadvantage of hand-written layout code is that it isn't very
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convenient when you're experimenting with the design of a form and you
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have to go through the compile, link and run cycle for each change.
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Our solution is <a href="designer-manual.html">TQt Designer</a>, a GUI
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visual design tool which makes it fast and easy to experiment with
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layouts and which generates the C++ layout code for you.
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<p> <h2> Layout Widgets
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</h2>
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<a name="1"></a><p> The easiest way to give your widgets a good layout is to use the
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layout widgets: <a href="tqhbox.html">TQHBox</a>, <a href="tqvbox.html">TQVBox</a> and <a href="tqgrid.html">TQGrid</a>. A layout widget
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automatically lays out its child widgets in the order they are
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constructed. To create more complex layouts, you can nest layout
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widgets inside each other. (Note that <a href="tqwidget.html">TQWidget</a> does not have a
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layout by default, you must add one if you want to lay out widgets
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inside a <a href="tqwidget.html">TQWidget</a>.)
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<p> <ul>
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<li> A <a href="tqhbox.html">TQHBox</a> lays out its child widgets in a horizontal row, left to right.
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<p> <center><img src="tqhbox-m.png" alt="Horizontal box with five child widgets"></center>
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<p> <li> A <a href="tqvbox.html">TQVBox</a> lays out its child widgets in a vertical column, top to bottom.
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<p> <center><img src="tqvbox-m.png" alt="Vertical box with five child widgets"></center>
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<p> <li> A <a href="tqgrid.html">TQGrid</a> lays out its child widgets in a two dimensional grid.
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You can specify how many columns the grid has, and it is populated left to
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right, beginning a new row when the previous row is full. The grid is
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fixed; the child widgets will not flow to other rows as the widget is
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resized.
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</ul>
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<p> <center><img src="tqgrid-m.png" alt="Two-column grid with five child widgets"></center>
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<p> The grid shown above can be produced by the following code:
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<pre>
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<a href="tqgrid.html">TQGrid</a> *mainGrid = new <a href="tqgrid.html">TQGrid</a>( 2 ); // a 2 x n grid
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new <a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( "One", mainGrid );
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new <a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( "Two", mainGrid );
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new <a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( "Three", mainGrid );
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new <a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( "Four", mainGrid );
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new <a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( "Five", mainGrid );
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</pre>
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<p> You can adjust the layout to some extent by calling
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<a href="tqwidget.html#setMinimumSize">TQWidget::setMinimumSize</a>() or <a href="tqwidget.html#setFixedSize">TQWidget::setFixedSize</a>() on the child widgets.
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<p> <h2> Adding Widgets to a Layout
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</h2>
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<a name="2"></a><p> When you add widgets to a layout the layout process works as follows:
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<ol type=1>
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<li> All the widgets will initially be allocated an amount of space in
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accordance with their <a href="tqwidget.html#sizePolicy">TQWidget::sizePolicy</a>().
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<li> If any of the widgets have stretch factors set, with a value
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greater than zero, then they are allocated space in proportion to
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their <a href="#stretch">stretch factor</a>.
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<li> If any of the widgets have stretch factors set to zero they will
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only get more space if no other widgets want the space. Of these,
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space is allocated to widgets with an <tt>Expanding</tt> size policy first.
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<li> Any widgets that are allocated less space than their minimum size
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(or minimum size hint if no minimum size is specified) are allocated
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this minimum size they require. (Widgets don't have to have a minimum
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size or minimum size hint in which case the strech factor is their
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determining factor.)
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<li> Any widgets that are allocated more space than their maximum size
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are allocated the maximum size space they require. (Widgets don't have
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to have a maximum size in which case the strech factor is their
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determining factor.)
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</ol>
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<p> <a name="stretch"></a>
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<h3> Stretch Factors
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<!-- index stretch factor --><a name="stretch-factor"></a>
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</h3>
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<a name="2-1"></a><p> Widgets are normally created without any stretch factor set. When they
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are laid out in a layout the widgets are given a share of space in
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accordance with their <a href="tqwidget.html#sizePolicy">TQWidget::sizePolicy</a>() or their minimum size hint
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whichever is the greater. Stretch factors are used to change how much
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space widgets are given in proportion to one another.
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<p> If we have three widgets laid out using a <a href="tqhbox.html">TQHBox</a> with no stretch
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factors set we will get a layout like this:
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<p> <center><img src="layout1.png" alt="3 widgets in a row"></center>
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<p> If we apply stretch factors to each widget, they will be laid out in
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proportion (but never less than their minimum size hint), e.g.
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<p> <center><img src="layout2.png" alt="3 stretch factored widgets in a row"></center>
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<p> <h2> <a href="tqlayout.html">TQLayout</a> subclassing
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</h2>
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<a name="3"></a><p> If you need more control over the layout, use a <a href="tqlayout.html">TQLayout</a> subclass. The layout classes included in TQt are <a href="tqgridlayout.html">TQGridLayout</a> and <a href="tqboxlayout.html">TQBoxLayout</a>. (<a href="tqhboxlayout.html">TQHBoxLayout</a> and <a href="tqvboxlayout.html">TQVBoxLayout</a> are trivial subclasses of <a href="tqboxlayout.html">TQBoxLayout</a>,
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that are simpler to use and make the code easier to read.)
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<p> When you use a layout, you must insert each child both into its parent
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widget (done in the constructor) and into its layout (typically done
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with a function called addWidget()). This way, you can give layout
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parameters for each widget, specifying properties like alignment,
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stretch, and placement.
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<p> The following code makes a grid like the one above, with a couple of
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improvements:
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<pre>
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<a href="tqwidget.html">TQWidget</a> *main = new <a href="tqwidget.html">TQWidget</a>;
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// make a 1x1 grid; it will auto-expand
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<a href="tqgridlayout.html">TQGridLayout</a> *grid = new <a href="tqgridlayout.html">TQGridLayout</a>( main, 1, 1 );
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// add the first four widgets with (row, column) addressing
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grid-><a href="tqgridlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( new <a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( "One", main ), 0, 0 );
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grid-><a href="tqgridlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( new <a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( "Two", main ), 0, 1 );
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grid-><a href="tqgridlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( new <a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( "Three", main ), 1, 0 );
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grid-><a href="tqgridlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( new <a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( "Four", main ), 1, 1 );
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// add the last widget on row 2, spanning from column 0 to
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// column 1, and center aligned
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grid-><a href="tqgridlayout.html#addMultiCellWidget">addMultiCellWidget</a>( new <a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( "Five", main ), 2, 2, 0, 1,
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TQt::AlignCenter );
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// let the ratio between the widths of columns 0 and 1 be 2:3
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grid-><a href="tqgridlayout.html#setColStretch">setColStretch</a>( 0, 2 );
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grid-><a href="tqgridlayout.html#setColStretch">setColStretch</a>( 1, 3 );
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</pre>
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<p> You can insert layouts inside a layout by giving the parent layout as
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a parameter in the constructor.
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<pre>
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<a href="tqwidget.html">TQWidget</a> *main = new <a href="tqwidget.html">TQWidget</a>;
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<a href="tqlineedit.html">TQLineEdit</a> *field = new <a href="tqlineedit.html">TQLineEdit</a>( main );
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<a href="tqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a> *ok = new <a href="tqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>( "OK", main );
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<a href="tqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a> *cancel = new <a href="tqpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>( "Cancel", main );
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<a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a> *label = new <a href="tqlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( "Write once, compile everywhere.", main );
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// a layout on a widget
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<a href="tqvboxlayout.html">TQVBoxLayout</a> *vbox = new <a href="tqvboxlayout.html">TQVBoxLayout</a>( main );
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vbox-><a href="tqboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( label );
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vbox-><a href="tqboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( field );
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// a layout inside a layout
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<a href="tqhboxlayout.html">TQHBoxLayout</a> *buttons = new <a href="tqhboxlayout.html">TQHBoxLayout</a>( vbox );
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buttons-><a href="tqboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( ok );
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buttons-><a href="tqboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( cancel );
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</pre>
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If you are not satisfied with the default placement, you can create
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the layout without a parent and then insert it with addLayout().
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The inner layout then becomes a child of the layout it is inserted
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into.
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<p> <h2> Custom Layouts
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</h2>
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<a name="4"></a><p> If the built-in layout classes are not sufficient, you can define your
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own. You must make a subclass of <a href="tqlayout.html">TQLayout</a> that handles resizing and
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size calculations, as well as a subclass of <a href="tqglayoutiterator.html">TQGLayoutIterator</a> to
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iterate over your layout class.
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<p> See the <a href="customlayout.html">Custom Layout</a> page for an
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in-depth description.
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<p> <h2> Custom Widgets In Layouts
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</h2>
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<a name="5"></a><p> When you make your own widget class, you should also communicate its
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layout properties. If the widget has a <a href="tqlayout.html">TQLayout</a>, this is already taken
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care of. If the widget does not have any child widgets, or uses manual
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layout, you should reimplement the following <a href="tqwidget.html">TQWidget</a> member functions:
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<p> <ul>
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<li> <a href="tqwidget.html#sizeHint">TQWidget::sizeHint</a>() returns the preferred size of the widget.
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<li> <a href="tqwidget.html#minimumSizeHint">TQWidget::minimumSizeHint</a>() returns the smallest size the widget can have.
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<li> <a href="tqwidget.html#sizePolicy">TQWidget::sizePolicy</a>() returns a <a href="tqsizepolicy.html">TQSizePolicy</a>; a value describing
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the space requirements of the widget.
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</ul>
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<p> Call <a href="tqwidget.html#updateGeometry">TQWidget::updateGeometry</a>() whenever the size hint, minimum size
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hint or size policy changes. This will cause a layout recalculation.
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Multiple calls to updateGeometry() will only cause one recalculation.
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<p> If the preferred height of your widget depends on its actual width
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(e.g. a label with automatic word-breaking), set the <a href="tqsizepolicy.html#hasHeightForWidth">hasHeightForWidth</a>() flag in
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<a href="tqwidget.html#sizePolicy">sizePolicy</a>(), and reimplement <a href="tqwidget.html#heightForWidth">TQWidget::heightForWidth</a>().
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<p> Even if you implement heightForWidth(), it is still necessary to
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provide a good sizeHint(). The sizeHint() provides the preferred width
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of the widget, and it is used by <a href="tqlayout.html">TQLayout</a> subclasses that do not
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support heightForWidth() (both <a href="tqgridlayout.html">TQGridLayout</a> and <a href="tqboxlayout.html">TQBoxLayout</a> support it).
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<p> For further guidance when implementing these functions, see their
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implementations in existing TQt classes that have similar layout
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requirements to your new widget.
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<p> <h2> Manual Layout
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</h2>
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<a name="6"></a><p> If you are making a one-of-a-kind special layout, you can also make a
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custom widget as described above. Reimplement <a href="tqwidget.html#resizeEvent">TQWidget::resizeEvent</a>()
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to calculate the required distribution of sizes and call <a href="tqwidget.html#setGeometry">setGeometry</a>() on each child.
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<p> The widget will get an event with <a href="tqevent.html#type">type</a>
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<tt>LayoutHint</tt> when the layout needs to be recalculated. Reimplement
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<a href="tqwidget.html#event">TQWidget::event</a>() to be notified of <tt>LayoutHint</tt> events.
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<p> <h2> Layout Issues
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</h2>
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<a name="7"></a><p> The use of rich text in a label widget can introduce some problems to
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the layout of its parent widget. Problems occur due to the way rich text
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is handled by TQt's layout managers when the label is word wrapped.
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In certain cases the parent layout is put into TQLayout::FreeResize mode,
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meaning that it will not adapt the layout of its contents to fit inside
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small sized windows, or even prevent the user from making the
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window too small to be usable. This can be overcome by subclassing
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the problematic widgets, and implementing suitable sizeHint() and
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minimumSizeHint() functions.
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<p>
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<!-- eof -->
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<p><address><hr><div align=center>
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<table width=100% cellspacing=0 border=0><tr>
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<td>Copyright © 2007
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<a href="troll.html">Trolltech</a><td align=center><a href="trademarks.html">Trademarks</a>
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<td align=right><div align=right>TQt 3.3.8</div>
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</table></div></address></body>
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