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\chapter Translators
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\img linguist.png
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\caption Linguist Main Window
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\section1 The One Minute Guide to Using Qt Linguist
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\index Linguist
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\index Qt Linguist
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\index Contexts!for Translation
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\e {Qt Linguist} is a tool for adding translations to Qt
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applications. It introduces the concept of a translation "context"
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which means a group of phrases that appear together on the screen
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e.g. in the same menu or dialog.
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To start, run \e {Qt Linguist}, either from the taskbar menu, or by
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double clicking the desktop icon, or type \c {linguist} (followed by
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\Key Enter) at the command line. Once \e {Qt Linguist} has started
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choose \Menu File|Open from the menu bar and select a \c .ts
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translation source file to work on.
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\e {Qt Linguist}'s main window is divided into four main areas. The
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left hand side contains the Context list, the top right is the Source
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text area, the middle right is the translation area and the bottom
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right is the phrases and guesses area. We'll describe them in detail
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later.
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Click on one of the contexts in the context list (left hand side) and
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then click on one of the phrases that appears in the Source text area
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(top right). The phrase will be copied into the translation area
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(middle right). Click under the word 'Translation' and type in the
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translation. Click \Key Ctrl+Enter (Done \& Next) to confirm that you
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have completed the translation and to move on to the next phrase that
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retquires translation.
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The cycle of entering a translation then pressing \Key Ctrl+Enter can
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be repeated until all the translations are done or until you finish
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the session. Linguist will attempt to fill the "phrases and guesses"
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area with possible translations from any open phrase books and any
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previous translations. Each has a keyboard shortcut, e.g.
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\Key Ctrl+1, \Key Ctrl+2, etc., which you can use to copy the
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guess into the Translation area. (Mouse users can double click a
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phrase or guess to move it into the Translation area.) At the end of
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the session choose \Menu File|Save from the menu bar and then
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\Menu File|Exit to quit.
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\section1 Qt Linguist's Main Window
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\section2 Context List
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\index Contexts!for Translation
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This appears at the left hand side of the main window by default. The
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first column, 'Done', identifies whether or not the translations for the
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context have been done. A tick indicates that all the translations have
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been done and are valid. A question mark indicates that one or more
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translations have not been done or have failed validation. The second
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column, 'Context' is the name of the context in which the translation
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phrases appear. The third column, 'Items' shows two numbers, the first
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is the number of translations that have been done, and the second is the
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number of phrases that are in the context; if the numbers are equal then
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all the translations have been done. Note that a greyed out tick
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indicates an obsolete translation, i.e. a phrase that was translated in
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a previous version of the application but which does not occur in the
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new version.
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The contexts are ordered alphabetically. The phrases within each context
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are in the order in which they appear in the source program and this may
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not be the order in which they are shown on screen.
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The Context List is a dockable window so it can be dragged to another
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position in the main window, or dragged out of the main window to be a
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window in its own right. If you move the Context List, \e {Qt
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Linguist} will remember its position and restore it whenever you
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start the program.
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\section2 Source Text Area
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This appears at the top right of the main window by default. The first
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column, 'Done', signifies the status of the translation. A tick
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indicates that the phrase has been translated and passed validation. A
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question mark indicates that the translation has not been done. An
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exclamation mark indicates that the translation has failed validation.
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The second column 'Source text' shows the text that must be translated.
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The third column shows the translation.
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\e{Qt Linguist} provides three kinds of validation: accelerator,
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punctuation and phrase. If the source text contains an accelerator
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i.e. an ampersand, '\&' and the translated text does not contain an
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ampersand the translation will fail the accelerator validation.
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Similarly, if the source text ends with a particular punctuation
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mark, e.g. '?', '!' or '.' and the translation ends with a different
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punctuation mark the translation will fail the punctuation
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validation. If the source text has a translation in one of the open
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phrase books that differs from the translation used the translation
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will fail phrase validation. (See \l Validation.)
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The Source Text Area is a dockable window.
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\section2 Translation Area
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This area appears at the middle right of the main window by default. It
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is comprised of three vertical sections. The first section is labelled
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'Source text' below which the source text appears. The second section
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contains contextual information on a light blue background that the
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programmer has added to assist the translator. If no contextual
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information has been given this section does not appear. The third
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section is labelled 'Translation' and this is where you enter the
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translation of the source text.
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\section2 Phrases and Guesses Area
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\index Phrases!in Qt Linguist
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\index Guesses!in Qt Linguist
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This area appears at the bottom right of the main window by default.
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When you move to a new phrase if the phrase is in one of the phrase
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books that has been loaded the phrase will appear in this area with its
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translation. If the phrase is the same or similar to another phrase that
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has already been translated the phrase and translation will be shown in
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this area. To copy a translation from the phrases and guesses area press
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\Key F6 to move to the phrases and guesses area, use the up and down arrow
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keys to move to the phrase you want to use and press Enter to copy it.
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If you decide that you don't want to copy a phrase after all, press Esc.
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In both cases the focus will return to the Translation area.
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Alternatively, double click the translation you want to use and it will
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be copied into the translation area.
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The Phrases and Guesses Area is a dockable window.
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\section1 Common Tasks
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\section2 Leaving a Translation for Later
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If you wish to leave a translation press \Key Ctrl+L (Next Unfinished) to
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move to the next unfinished translation. An unfinished translation is
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one that either has not been translated at all or one which fails
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validation. To move to the next phrase press \Key Shift+Ctrl+L. You can also
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navigate using the Translation menu. If you want to go to a different
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context entirely, click the context you want to work on in the Context
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list, then click the source text in the Source Text area.
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\section2 Phrases That Retquire Multiple Translations Depending on Context
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\index Contexts!for Translation
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\index Comments!for Translators
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The same phrase may occur in two or more contexts without conflict. Once
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a phrase has been translated in one context, \e {Qt Linguist} notes
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that the translation has been made and when the translator reaches a
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later occurrence of the same phrase \e {Qt Linguist} will provide
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the previous translation as a possible translation candidate in the
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phrases and guesses area. If the
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previous translation is acceptable just click the \e {Done \& Next}
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button (press \Key Ctrl+Enter) to move on to the next unfinished phrase.
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If a phrase occurs more than once in a particular context it will only
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be shown once in \e {Qt Linguist}'s context list and
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the translation will be applied to every occurrence within the context.
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If the same phrase needs to be translated differently within the same
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context the programmer must provide a distinguishing comment for each of
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the phrases concerned. If such comments are used the duplicate phrases
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will appear in the context list. The programmers comments will appear in
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the translation area on a light blue background.
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\section2 Changing Keyboard Accelerators
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\index Accelerators
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\index Keyboard Accelerators
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A keyboard accelerator is a key combination that when pressed will
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cause an application to perform an action. Keyboard accelerators
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normally come in two forms: Alt key and Ctrl key accelerators.
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\index Alt Key
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Alt key accelerators are used for menus and buttons. The underlining
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signifies that pressing the Alt key with the underlined letter is the
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same as clicking the menu item with the mouse. For example, most
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applications have a \e File menu with the "F" in the word "file"
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underlined. In these applications the file menu can be invoked either by
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clicking the word "File" on the menu bar or by pressing Alt+F. The
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accelerator key which is underlined is signified by preceeding it with
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an ampersand, e.g. \e \&File. If a source phrase appears with an
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ampersand in it then the translation should also contain an ampersand,
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preferably in front of the same letter. The meaning of Alt key
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accelerators can be determined from the phrase in which the ampersand is
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embedded. The translator may need to change the letter used with the Alt
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key, e.g. if the translated phrase does not contain the original
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accelerator letter. Conflicts with other keys, i.e. having two Alt key
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accelerators using the same letter in the same context, must be avoided.
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Note that some Alt key accelerators, usually those on the menu bar, may
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apply in other contexts.
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\index Ctrl Key
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Ctrl key accelerators can exist independently of any visual control.
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They are often used to invoke actions in menus that would otherwise
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take several keystrokes or mouse clicks. They may also be used to
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perform actions that do not appear in any menu or on any button. For
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example, most applications that have a \e File menu have a submenu
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item called \e New. In many applications this will appear as "\NEW
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Ctrl+N". This menu option could be invoked by clicking \e File then
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clicking \e New with the mouse. Or you could press Alt+F then press N
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since these letters are underlined. But the same thing can be achieved
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simply by pressing \Key Ctrl+N. Accelerators that use the Ctrl key are
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shown literally in the source text, e.g. \Key Ctrl+Enter. Ctrl key
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accelerators have no phrase so the translator \index Comments!for
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Translators must rely on the programmer to add a "comment" which
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appears in the top right hand pane. This comment should explain what
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action the Ctrl key accelerator performs. Ideally Ctrl key
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accelerators are translated simply by copying them by chossing the \e
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{Begin from Source} entry in the \Menu Translations menu. However in
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some cases the letter will not make sense in the target language and
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must be changed. Whatever letter (or digit) is chosen, the translation
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should always be in the form "Ctrl+" followed by the letter or digit
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in upper case. As with Alt key accelerators, if the translator changes
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the key it must not conflict with any other Ctrl key accelerator.
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Later versions of \e {Qt Linguist} are expected to help the
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translator avoid accelerator conflicts.
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\section2 Dealing with Phrases that Contain Variables
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Some phrases contain variables. Variables are placeholders for items of
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text that are filled in at runtime. They are signified in the source
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text with a percent sign followed by a digit, e.g. \e {After processing
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file %1, file %2 is next in line}. In this example, \c %1 will be
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replaced at runtime with the name of the first file to be processed and
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\c %2 with the name of the next file to be processed. In the translated
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version the variables must still appear. For example a German
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translation might reverse the phrases, e.g. \e {Datei %2 wird
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bearbeitet, wenn. Datei %1 fertig ist}. Note that both variables
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are still used but their order has changed. The order in which variables
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appear does not matter; \c %1 will always be replaced by the same text
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at runtime no matter where it appears in the source text or translation
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and similarly \c %2, etc.
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\section2 Reusing Translations
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If the translated text is similar to the source text, choose the \e
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{Begin from Source} entry in the \Menu Translations menu (press \Key
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Ctrl+B) which will copy the source text into the translation area.
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\e {Qt Linguist} automatically lists phrases from the open phrase
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books and similar or identical phrases that have already been translated
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in the Phrases and guesses area.
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\section1 Creating and Using Phrase Books
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\index Phrases!in Qt Linguist
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\index Phrase Books
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\img phrasebookdialog.png
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\caption Phrase Book Dialog
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A \e {Qt Linguist} phrase book is a set of source phrases, target
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(translated) phrases, and optional definitions. Phrase Books are created
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independently of any application, although typically one phrase book
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will be created per application or family of applications.
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If the translator reaches an untranslated phrase that is the same as a
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source phrase in the phrase book, \e {Qt Linguist} will show the
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phrase book entry in the \e {Relevant phrases} panel at the bottom
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right of the main window. Phrases which have translations that conflict
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with those given in the phrase book are marked with a question mark in
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the source text pane. Phrase Books are used to provide a common set of
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translations to help ensure consistency. They can also be used to avoid
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duplication of effort since the translations for a family of
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applications can be produced once in the phrase book and the phrase book
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used for the majority of translations in each application.
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Before a phrase book can be edited it must be created or if it already
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exists, opened. Create a new phrase book by selecting
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\Menu {Phrase|New Phrase Book} from the menu bar. You must enter a
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filename and may change the location of the file if you wish. A newly
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created phrase book is automatically opened. Open an existing phrase
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book by choosing \Menu {Phrase|Open Phrase Book} from the menu bar.
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To add a new phrase click the \Button {New Phrase} button (or press
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Alt+N) and type in a new source phrase. Press Tab and type in the
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translation. Optionally press Tab and enter a definition -- this is
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useful to distinguish different translations of the same source phrase.
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This process may be repeated as often as necessary.
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You can delete a phrase by selecting it in the phrases list and clicking
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Remove Phrase.
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Click the \e Save button (press Alt+S) and then click the \e Close
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button (press Esc) once you've finished adding (and removing) phrases.
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When a phrase or set of phrases appears in the phrase book double
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clicking the retquired target phrase will copy it to the translation
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pane at the text cursor position. If you want to \e replace the text
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in the translation pane with the target phrase, click the translation
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pane, choose \Menu {Edit|Select All} (press \Key Alt+A) and then
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double click the target phrase.
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\section1 Validation
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\index Validation of Translations
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\index Accelerators!Validation
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\index Punctuation!Validation
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\index Phrases!Validation
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\e {Qt Linguist} provides three kinds of validation on translated
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phrases.
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\list 1
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\i \e {Accelerator validation} detects translated phrases
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that do not have an ampersand when the source phrase does and vice
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versa.
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\i \e {Punctuation validation} detects differences in the
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terminating punctuation between source and translated phrases when this
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may be significant, e.g. warns if the source phrase ends with an
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ellipsis, exclamation mark or question mark, and the translated phrase
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doesn't and vice versa.
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\i \e {Phrases validation} detects source phrases that are
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also in the phrase book but whose translation differs from that given in
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the phrase book.
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\endlist
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Validation may be switched on or off from the menu bar's Validation item
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or using the toolbar buttons. Phrases that fail validation are marked
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with a question mark in the source text pane. If you switch validation
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off and then switch it on later, \e{Qt Linguist} will recheck all
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phrases and mark any that fail validation.
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If any phrase in a context is invalid then the context itself will be
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marked with a question mark; if all the phrases in a context are done
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and are valid the context will be marked with a tick.
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Note that only phrases which are marked as done (with a tick) will
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appear in the application. Invalid phrases and phrases which are
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translated but not marked as done are kept in the translation source
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file but are not used by the application.
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\section1 Qt Linguist Reference
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\section2 File Types
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\e {Qt Linguist} makes use of three kinds of file:
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\index .ts Files
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\index Translation Source Files
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\index .qm Files
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\index Qt Message Files
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\index .qph Files
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\index Qt Phrase Book Files
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\list
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\i \c .ts \e {translation source files} \BR are human-readable XML
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files containing source phrases and their translations. These files are
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usually created and updated by \l lupdate and are specific to an
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application.
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\i \c .qm \e {Qt message files} \BR are binary files that contain
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translations used by an application at runtime. These files are
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generated by \l lrelease, but can also be generated by \e {Qt
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Linguist}.
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\i \c .qph \e {Qt phrase book files} \BR are human-readable XML
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files containing standard phrases and their translations. These files
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are created and updated by \e {Qt Linguist} and may be used by any
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number of projects and applications.
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\endlist
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\section2 The Menu Bar
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\img menubar.png
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\caption Menu Bar
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\list
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\i \e {File}
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\list
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\i \e {Open... Ctrl+O} \BR pops up an open file dialog from which a
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translation source \c .ts file can be chosen.
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\i \e {Save Ctrl+S} \BR saves the current translation source \c .ts file.
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\i \e {Save As...} \BR pops up a save as file dialog so that the
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current translation source \c .ts file may be saved with a different
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name and/or put in a different location.
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\i \e {Release...} \BR pops up a save as file dialog. The
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filename entered will be a Qt message \c .qm file of the translation
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based on the current translation source file. The release manager's
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command line tool \l lrelease performs the same function on
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\e all of an application's translation source files.
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\i \e {Print... Ctrl+P} \BR pops up a print dialog. If you click
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OK the translation source and the translations will be printed.
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\i \e {Recently opened files} \BR shows the \c .ts files that
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have been opened recently, click one to open it.
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\i \e {Exit Ctrl+Q} \BR closes \e {Qt Linguist}.
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\endlist
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\i \e {Edit}
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\list
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\i \e {Undo Ctrl+Z} \BR undoes the last editing action in the
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translation pane.
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\i \e {Redo Ctrl+Y} \BR redoes the last editing action in the
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translation pane.
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\i \e {Cut Ctrl+X} \BR deletes any highlighted text in the
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translation pane and saves a copy to the clipboard.
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\i \e {Copy Ctrl+C} \BR copies the highlighted text in the
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translation pane to the clipboard.
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\i \e {Paste Ctrl+V} \BR pastes the clipboard text into the
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translation pane.
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\omit
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\i \e {Delete} \BR deletes the highlighted text in the
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translation pane.
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\endomit
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\i \e {Select All Ctrl+A} \BR selects all the text in the
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translation pane ready for copying or deleting.
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\i \e {Find... Ctrl+F} \BR pops up the
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\link {The Find Dialog} Find dialog \endlink. When the dialog pops up
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enter the text to be found and click the \e {Find Next} button.
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Source phrases, translations and comments may be searched.
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\i \e {Find Next F3} \BR finds the next occurrence of the text that
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was last entered in the Find dialog.
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\endlist
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\i \e {Translation}
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\list
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\i \e {Prev Unfinished Ctrl+K} \BR moves to the nearest previous
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unfinished source phrase (unfinished means untranslated or
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translated but failed validation).
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\i \e {Next Unfinished Ctrl+L} \BR moves to the next unfinished source
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phrase.
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\i \e {Prev Shift+Ctrl+K} \BR moves to the previous source phrase.
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\i \e {Next Shift+Ctrl+L} \BR moves to the next source phrase.
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\i \e {Done \& NextCtrl+Enter} \BR mark this phrase as 'done'
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(translated) and move to the next unfinished source phrase.
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\i \e {Begin from Source Ctrl+B} \BR copies the source text into
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the translation.
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\endlist
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\i \e {Validation} (See the \l Validation section)
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\list
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\i \e {Accelerators} \BR toggles validation on or off for Alt
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accelerators.
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\i \e {Ending Punctuation} \BR switches validation on or off
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for phrase ending punctuation, e.g. ellipsis, exclamation mark,
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question mark, etc.
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\i \e {Phrase Matches} \BR sets validation on or off for
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matching against translations that are in the current phrase book.
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\endlist
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\i \e {Phrase} (See the section \l {Creating ... Phrase
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Books} for details.)
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\list
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\i \e {New Phrase Book... Ctrl+N} \BR pops up a save as file dialog.
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You must enter a filename to be used for the phrase book and save
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the file. Once saved you should open the phrase book to begin using
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it.
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\i \e {Open Phrase Book... Ctrl+H} \BR pops up an open file dialog.
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Find and choose a phrase book to open.
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\i \e {Close Phrase Book} \BR closes the current phrase book.
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This will stop any further phrase validation taking place.
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The same effect can be achieved by switching off phrase validation
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using the Validation menu or the phrase toolbar button.
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\i \e {Edit Phrase Book...} \BR pops up the
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\link {The Phrase Dialog} phrase book dialog \endlink where you can
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add, edit or delete phrases.
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\i \e {Print Phrase Book...} \BR pops up a print dialog. If
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you click OK the phrase book will be printed.
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\endlist
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\i \e {View}
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\list
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\i \e {Revert Sorting} \BR puts the phrases in the source text
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pane into their original order.
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\i \e {Display Guesses} \BR turns the display of phrases and
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guesses on or off.
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\i \e {Statistics} \BR toggles the visibility of the Statistics dialog.
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\i \e {Views} \BR toggles the visibility of the Context, Source text and
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Phrase views.
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\i \e {Toolbars} \BR toggles the visibility of the different toolbars.
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\omit
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\i \e {Large Icons} \BR switches between large or standard
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size icons on the toolbar.
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\i \e {Text Labels} \BR toggles the use of text labels on the
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toolbar icons.
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\endomit
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\endlist
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\endlist
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\section2 The Toolbar
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\img toolbar.png
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\caption Toolbar
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\list
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\i \img fileopen.png
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\BR
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Pops up the open file dialog to open a new translation source \c .ts
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file.
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\i \img filesave.png
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\BR
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Saves the current translation source \c .ts file.
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\i \img fileprint.png
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\BR
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Prints the current translation source \c .ts file.
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\i \img phrasebookopen.png
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\BR
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Pops up the file open dialog to open a new phrase book \c .qph file.
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\i \img editundo.png
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\BR
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Undoes the last editing action in the translation pane.
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\i \img editredo.png
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\BR
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Redoes the last editing action in the translation pane.
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\i \img editcut.png
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\BR
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Deletes any highlighted text in the translation pane and save a copy to
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the clipboard.
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\i \img editcopy.png
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\BR
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Copies the highlighted text in the translation pane to the clipboard.
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\i \img editpaste.png
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\BR
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Pastes the clipboard text into the translation pane.
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\i \img editfind.png
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\BR
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Pops up the \link {The Find Dialog} Find dialog \endlink.
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\i \img prev.png
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\BR
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Moves to the previous source phrase.
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\i \img next.png
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\BR
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Moves to the next source phrase.
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\i \img prevunfinished.png
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\BR
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Moves to the previous unfinished source phrase.
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\i \img nextunfinished.png
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\BR
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Moves to the next unfinished source phrase.
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\i \img doneandnext.png
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\BR
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Marks the phrase as 'done' (translated) and move to the next
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unfinished source phrase.
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\i \img validateaccelerators.png
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\BR
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Toggles accelerator validation on and off.
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\i \img validatepunctuation.png
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\BR
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Toggles phrase ending punctuation validation on and off.
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\i \img validatephrases.png
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\BR
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Toggles phrase book validation on or off.
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\endlist
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\section2 The Find Dialog
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\img finddialog.png
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\caption The Find Dialog
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Choose \Menu Edit|Find from the menu bar or press \Key Ctrl+F to pop
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up the Find dialog. Press \Key F3 to repeat the last search. By
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default the source phrases, translations and comments will all be
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searched and the search will be case-insensitive. These settings can
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be changed by checking or unchecking the checkboxes to reflect your
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preferences.
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\section2 The Phrase Dialog
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This dialog is explained in the \l {Creating and Using Phrase Books}
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section.
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