Juan Carlos Torres Changing the appearance of your &kde; desktop can be done quite easily and flexibly by either individually controlling different parts of the visual appearance or by using a predefined theme. This guide explains the various customizable parts of &kde; and how to control their appearance. The desktop background, more commonly known as the wallpaper, allows you to display certain images on your desktop. The settings for the background are found in the &kcontrolcenter;, or by right-clicking on the desktop and selecting Configure Desktop.... In &kde;, you have the option to use no picture, a single picture, or a slideshow of images. If No picture is chosen to be the desktop background, the Colors options are used instead. You can also choose whether to use a single background on all virtual desktops or to apply a different background for each desktop. This is done by selecting All desktops or the specific desktop name from the drop-down menu. Other background images can be downloaded using the Get New Wallpapers button on the right or you can visit the Wallpapers section of the kde-look.org website. The Colors settings of the &kcontrolcenter; allow you to control the colors that are used for various window elements, such as window titlebars, window backgrounds, text, and buttons. You can change the color of each window element by selecting the element from the drop down list and choosing a color for it. You can then save your changes by clicking on Save Scheme.... This will save your settings in a Color Scheme file. Color schemes are text files, with a .kcsrc extension, that contain entries for each window widget and its color, in RGB format. It is also very easy to add color schemes that you have downloaded by clicking on Import Scheme... and pointing to the .kcsrc file. With color schemes, you can save the changes you have done in one convenient file or easily change to a predefined color setting, without having to change each window element separately. Additional color schemes can be downloaded from the Color Schemes section of kde-look.org. An icon theme contains the images used to represent actions, files, devices, and applications. Managing icon themes is easily done through the Icons module in the &kcontrolcenter;. Simply select the icon theme you want to use and click on Apply to switch to the new theme. To install new icon themes, all you need to do is to click on Install New Theme... and browse to the location of the icon theme archive. There is no need to extract the contents of the archive into a directory. In fact, the Icons module only accepts archived icon themes. To remove an icon theme, simply select the theme from the list and click on Remove Theme. Note that you cannot remove the icon theme that you are currently using. You need to switch to some other theme before the current one will become removable. You also cannot remove icon themes that were installed by the administrator (root) or by your distribution's package manager. Other icon themes can be found in the Icon Themes subsection of kde-look.org. The default &kde; splash screen The default &kde; splash screen The splash screen is the animated image or screen that is displayed while &kde; loads after you log in. Each user can have a different splash screen. Changing the splash screen for the current user can be done in the Splash Screen module of the &kcontrolcenter;. Select the splash screen you want to use and click on Apply. You can also test what a splash screen will look like by selecting the splash screen and clicking on Test. Installing a new splash theme is very easy. Just click on Add... and browse to the splash screen archive you want to add. There is no need to extract the contents of the archive. Removing splash screens is also easily done by selecting the splash screen and clicking on Remove. Note that you cannot remove splash screens installed by the administrator (root) or by your distribution's package manager. Splash screen themes can be found on kde-look.org, in the Splash Screens section. Take note that some splash screens require a specific &ksplash; engine to be installed. You can change the appearance of window borders, titlebars and buttons in &kde; using window decorations. Some window decorations even have the capability to apply effects such as translucency. Window decorations must be able to do all these without sacrificing speed and performance. This is the reason why window decorations come in source code that must be compiled, or as binary packages that must be installed. Basically, Window decorations are plugins or small programs that instruct &twin;, &kde;'s Window Manager, how to display window frames. In order to add a new window decoration, you need to compile it from source code. If a binary package for your distribution or system is provided, you simply need to install it using your distribution's package manager. Please refer to your distribution's manual for instructions on how to do this. Once the window decoration has been installed, it can be accessed in the Window Decorations settings in the &kcontrolcenter;. In the Window Decoration tab, a list of installed window decorations can be seen in the drop down box. Simply select the decoration you want to use and click on Apply. Different window decorations have different capabilities and settings. Play around with the different options available. The Buttons tab allows you to control the buttons on the window titlebar. Enable the Use custom titlebar button positions check box in order to rearrange, remove, or add buttons. To add buttons to the titlebar, drag an item from the list to the titlebar preview above it. To remove a button, drag the button from the titlebar preview to the item list. Simply drag buttons in the titlebar preview to rearrange them. While all window decorations need to be compiled from source code, some window decorations can load pixmap-based theme files that do not need to be compiled. &kde; ships with a pixmap-based window decoration called the IceWM window decoration. Another pixmap-based window decoration is deKorator, which can be found on kde-look.org. Please refer to your distribution's documentation on how to install these. The advantage of using pixmap-based window decorations is it is relatively easy to make themes for them, by using images and editing a configuration file. The tradeoff is a slight loss of performance, while this may be unnoticeable on very fast systems. To add an IceWM theme, select IceWM as the window decoration and click on the Open &kde;'s IceWM theme folder link in the window decoration description area. This will open a &konqueror; window to $KDEHOME/share/apps/twin/icewm-themes. Extract your IceWM theme to this folder. The theme will then be added to the list of IceWM themes. Select the theme you want to use and click on Apply. To add a deKorator theme after you've installed deKorator, select deKorator from the window decorations list and go to the Themes tab. Click on Install New Theme and locate your deKorator theme archive. Make sure that the version of the deKorator theme matches the deKorator version installed on your system. Once the theme has been added, select the theme you want to use and click on Set Theme Paths. Click on Apply for the changes to take effect. Some more window decorations are available at kde-look.org under the Native &kde; 3.x and the Native &kde; 3.2+ subsections. Themes for the IceWM and deKorator window decorations have their own subsections under the Window Decorations category. Widgets are the basic elements of a graphical user interface, such as buttons, scrollbars, tabs, and menus. A widget style is a plugin or a small program that instructs &kde; how widgets are displayed. Since widgets are the very basic parts of an interface, they are frequently accessed and must be able to respond very quickly. This is why widget styles must come as source code to be compiled or as binary packages to be installed, just like window decorations. Please refer to your distribution's documentation on how to compile from source or install binary packages. Once a widget style has been installed, it will be added to the list of available styles in the Style module in the &kcontrolcenter;. The Style tab allows you to select a widget style from the list and to configure it if the style has a Configure... feature. Different styles have different options. A preview of the selected style is available at the lower portion of the tab. The Effects tab controls different visual effects for some widgets like comboboxes and tooltips. The Toolbar tab gives some options on the general appearance of toolbars. Additional widget styles can be found in the different &kde; subsections of the Themes/Styles of kde-look.org. Take note that styles come in source code or binary package forms. They are not &kde; theme files. &kde; allows you to save the different changes you made to your desktop's appearance in one file, using the Theme Manager in &kcontrolcenter;. Once you have set up your desktop the way you want, click on Create New Theme.... Enter the details you want to give your theme, such as theme name, author, version, &etc;, then click OK when done. This will add your theme to the list of available themes and save your settings in a &kde; theme. A &kde; theme (.kth file) instructs &kde; on what window decoration, style, or color scheme to use for that particular theme. To add a &kde; theme from an outside source, click on Install New Theme... and locate the &kde; theme file. Removing a theme is easily done by clicking on Remove Theme. If you made changes to your theme, you have to either create a new theme name for it, or remove the previous version first to be able to use the same theme name. The following are the settings that are saved and indicated in a &kde; Theme: Background Screen Saver Icon Theme System Notifications Color Scheme Cursor Theme Window Decoration &konqueror; background (File Management) Panel background Style Fonts One very important thing to consider when using or installing a &kde; Theme is that it only indicates what settings to use for the above. A &kde; Theme includes only system notifications, desktop background, panel background, &konqueror; background, and the color scheme in its package. The other components must be installed separately if they do not already come with &kde;. &kde; Themes can be downloaded from the Theme-Manager subsection of kde-look.org, under the Themes/Styles section. Background Background/wallpaper image or color for the desktop Color Scheme (.kcsrc) Configuration file that indicates what colors to use for certain widgets Icons Images representing applications, files, devices, &etc; Splash Screen Animated image or screen that displays while &kde; loads after logging in Window Decoration Plugins or small programs that instruct the window manager how to display window frames Style Plugin or a small program that instructs &kde; how widgets are displayed &kde; Theme (.kth) A file that contains instructions on what settings to use for different GUI components Widgets Basic elements that build up a graphical user interface: buttons, scrollbars, menus, tabs, &etc;