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292 lines
7.6 KiB
292 lines
7.6 KiB
13 years ago
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<chapter id="getting-started">
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<title
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>Getting Started</title>
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<para
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>When you start &kturtle; you will see something like this: <screenshot
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> <screeninfo
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>Here is a screenshot of &kturtle; when you start it for the first time</screeninfo
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> <mediaobject
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> <imageobject
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> <imagedata fileref="mainwindow.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject
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> <textobject
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> <phrase
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>&kturtle; Main window</phrase
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> </textobject
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> </mediaobject
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> </screenshot
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> In this Getting Started guide we assume that the language of the &logo; commands is English. You can change this language in <menuchoice
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><guimenu
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>Settings</guimenu
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><guimenuitem
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>Configure &kturtle;...</guimenuitem
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></menuchoice
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> in the <guilabel
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>Language</guilabel
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> section. Be aware that the language you set here for &kturtle; is the one you use to type the &logo; commands.</para>
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<sect1 id="first-steps">
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<title
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>First steps with &logo;: meet the Turtle!</title>
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<para
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>You must have noticed the turtle is in the middle of the canvas: you are just about to learn how to control it using commands in the code editor.</para>
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<sect2 id="the-turtle-moves">
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<title
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>The Turtle Moves</title>
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<para
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>Let us start by getting the turtle moving. Our turtle can do 3 types of moves, (1) it can go forwards and backwards, (2) it can turn left and right and (3) it can go directly to a position on the screen. Try this for example:</para>
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<para>
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<screen
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>forward 90
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turnleft 90
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</screen>
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Type or copy-paste the code to the code editor and execute it (using <link linkend="file-execute"
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><menuchoice
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><guimenu
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>File</guimenu
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><guimenuitem
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>Execute Commands</guimenuitem
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></menuchoice
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></link
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>) to see the result.</para>
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<para
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>When you typed and executed the commands like above in the code editor you might have noticed one or more of the following things:</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem
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><para
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>That — after executing the commands — the turtle moves up, draws a line, and then turns a quarter turn to the left. This because you have used the <link linkend="forward"
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><userinput
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>forward</userinput
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></link
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> and the <link linkend="turnleft"
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><userinput
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>turnleft</userinput
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></link
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> commands.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para
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>That the colour of the code changed while you where typing it: this feature is called <emphasis
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>intuitive highlighting</emphasis
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> — different types of commands are highlighted differently. This makes reading large blocks of code more easy.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para
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>That the turtle draws a thin black line.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para
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>Maybe you got an error message. This could simply mean two things: you could have made a mistake while copying the commands, or you should still set the correct language for the &logo; commands (you can do that by choosing <menuchoice
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><guimenu
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>Settings</guimenu
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><guimenuitem
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>Configure &kturtle;...</guimenuitem
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></menuchoice
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>, in the <guilabel
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>Language</guilabel
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> section).</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para
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>You will likely understand that <userinput
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>forward 90</userinput
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> commanded the turtle to move forward leaving a line, and that <userinput
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>turnleft 90</userinput
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> commanded the turtle to turn 90 <glossterm linkend="degrees"
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>degrees</glossterm
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> to the left.</para>
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<para
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>Please see the following links to the reference manual for a complete explanation of the new commands: <userinput
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>forward</userinput
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>, <userinput
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>backward</userinput
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>, <userinput
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>turnleft</userinput
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>, and <userinput
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>turnright</userinput
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>.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="more-examples">
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<title
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>More examples</title>
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<para
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>The first example was very simple, so let us go on!</para>
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<para>
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13 years ago
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<!--translators: if it's not already there, you can copy/paste the translated code below and save it in arrow.logo in your examples folder: tde-i18n/language-code/data/tdeedu/kturtle/ -->
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13 years ago
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<screen
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>canvassize 200,200
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canvascolour 0,0,0
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pencolour 255,0,0
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penwidth 5
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clear
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go 20,20
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direction 135
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forward 200
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turnleft 135
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forward 100
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turnleft 135
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forward 141
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turnleft 135
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forward 100
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turnleft 45
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go 40, 100
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</screen>
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Again you can type or copy-paste the code to the code editor or open the <filename
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>arrow.logo</filename
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> file in the <guimenu
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>Open examples</guimenu
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> folder and execute it (using <link linkend="file-execute"
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><menuchoice
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><guimenu
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>File</guimenu
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><guimenuitem
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>Execute Commands</guimenuitem
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></menuchoice
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></link
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>) to see the result. In the next examples you are expected to know the drill.</para>
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<para
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>You might have noticed that this second example uses a lot more code. You have also seen a couple of new commands. Here a short explanation of all the new commands:</para>
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<para
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><userinput
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>canvassize 200,200</userinput
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> sets the canvas width and height to 200 <glossterm linkend="pixels"
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>pixels</glossterm
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>. The width and the height are equal, so the canvas will be a square.</para>
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<para
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><userinput
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>canvascolour 0,0,0</userinput
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> makes the canvas black. <userinput
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>0,0,0</userinput
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> is an <glossterm linkend="rgb"
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>RGB-combination</glossterm
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> where all values are set to <userinput
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>0</userinput
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>, which results in black.</para>
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<para
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><userinput
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>pencolor 255,0,0</userinput
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> sets the color of the pen to red. <userinput
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>255,0,0</userinput
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> is an <glossterm linkend="rgb"
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>RGB-combination</glossterm
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> where only the red value is set to <userinput
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>255</userinput
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> (fully on) while the others (green and blue) are set to <userinput
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>0</userinput
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> (fully off). This results in a bright shade of red.</para>
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<para
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><userinput
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>penwidth 5</userinput
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> sets the width (the size) of the pen to <userinput
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>5</userinput
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> <glossterm linkend="pixels"
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>pixels</glossterm
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>. From now on every line the turtle draw will have a thickness of <userinput
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>5</userinput
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>, until we change the <userinput
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>penwidth</userinput
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> to something else.</para>
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<para
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><userinput
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>clear</userinput
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> clear the canvas, that is all it does.</para>
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<para
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><userinput
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>go 20,20</userinput
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> commands the turtle to go to a certain place on the canvas. Counted from the upper left corner, this place is 20 <glossterm linkend="pixels"
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>pixels</glossterm
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> across from the left, and 20 <glossterm linkend="pixels"
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>pixels</glossterm
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> down from the top of the canvas. Note that using the <userinput
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>go</userinput
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> command the turtle will not draw a line.</para>
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<para
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><userinput
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>direction 135</userinput
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> set the turtle's direction. The <userinput
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>turnleft</userinput
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> and <userinput
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>turnright</userinput
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> commands change the turtle's angle starting from its current direction. The <userinput
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>direction</userinput
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> command changes the turtle's angle from zero, and thus is not relative to the turtle previous direction.</para>
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<para
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>After the <userinput
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>direction</userinput
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> command a lot of <userinput
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>forward</userinput
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> and <userinput
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>turnleft</userinput
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> commands follow. These command do the actual drawing.</para>
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<para
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>At last another <userinput
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>go</userinput
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> command is used to move the turtle aside.</para>
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<para
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>Make sure you follow the links to the reference. The reference explains each command more thoroughly.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<!-- EXTRA SECTIONS CAN BE ADDED TO THE "GETTING STARTED"
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<sect1 id="calculations">
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<title
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>Simple Calculations</title>
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<para>
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Not yet written
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="using_variables">
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<title
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>Using Variables: creating 'number containers'</title>
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<para>
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Not yet written
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="using_strings">
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<title
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>Using strings: creating 'text containers'</title>
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<para>
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Not yet written
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="logic">
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<title
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>Logic: asking the computer simple questions</title>
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<para>
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Not yet written
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="recursion">
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<title
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>Recursion: the Turtle is using itself</title>
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<para>
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Draw a maze for example
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</para>
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</sect1
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>-->
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</chapter>
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