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236 lines
10 KiB
236 lines
10 KiB
@node Translation Intro
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@chapter Notes on the Free Translation Project
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@set STATUS December 1997
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Free software is going international! The Free Translation Project is
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a way to get maintainers of free software, translators, and users all
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together, so that will gradually become able to speak many languages.
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A few packages already provide translations for their messages.
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If you found this @file{ABOUT-NLS} file inside a distribution, you
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may assume that the distributed package does use GNU @code{gettext}
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internally, itself available at your nearest GNU archive site. But you
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do @emph{not} need to install GNU @code{gettext} prior to configuring,
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installing or using this package with messages translated.
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Installers will find here some useful hints. These notes also explain
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how users should proceed for getting the programs to use the available
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translations. They tell how people wanting to contribute and work
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at translations should contact the appropriate team.
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When reporting bugs in the @file{intl/} directory or bugs which may
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be related to internationalization, you should tell about the version
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of @code{gettext} which is used. The information can be found in
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the @file{intl/VERSION} file, in internationalized packages.
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@menu
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* One advise::
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* INSTALL Matters::
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* Using This Package::
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* Translating Teams::
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* Available Packages::
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@end menu
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@node One advise
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@section One advise in advance
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If you want to exploit the full power of internationalization, you
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should configure it using
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@example
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./configure --with-included-gettext
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@end example
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@noindent
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to force usage of internationalizing routines provided within this
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package, despite the existence of internationalizing capabilities in the
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operating system where this package is being installed. So far, only
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the @code{gettext} implementation in the GNU C library version 2
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provides as many features (such as locale alias or message inheritance)
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as the implementation here. It is also not possible to offer this
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additional functionality on top of a @code{catgets} implementation.
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Future versions of GNU @code{gettext} will very likely convey even more
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functionality. So it might be a good idea to change to GNU
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@code{gettext} as soon as possible.
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So you need not provide this option if you are using GNU libc 2 or you
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have installed a recent copy of the GNU gettext package with the
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included @file{libintl}.
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@node INSTALL Matters
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@section INSTALL Matters
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Some packages are @dfn{localizable} when properly installed; the
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programs they contain can be made to speak your own native language.
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Most such packages use GNU @code{gettext}. Other packages have their
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own ways to internationalization, predating GNU @code{gettext}.
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By default, this package will be installed to allow translation of
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messages. It will automatically detect whether the system provides
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usable @code{catgets} (if using this is selected by the installer) or
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@code{gettext} functions. If neither is available, the GNU
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@code{gettext} own library will be used. This library is wholly
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contained within this package, usually in the @file{intl/} subdirectory,
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so prior installation of the GNU @code{gettext} package is @emph{not}
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required. Installers may use special options at configuration time for
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changing the default behaviour. The commands:
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@example
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./configure --with-included-gettext
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./configure --with-catgets
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./configure --disable-nls
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@end example
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@noindent
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will respectively bypass any pre-existing @code{catgets} or
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@code{gettext} to use the internationalizing routines provided within
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this package, enable the use of the @code{catgets} functions (if found
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on the locale system), or else, @emph{totally} disable translation of
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messages.
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When you already have GNU @code{gettext} installed on your system and
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run configure without an option for your new package, @code{configure}
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will probably detect the previously built and installed @file{libintl.a}
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file and will decide to use this. This might be not what is desirable.
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You should use the more recent version of the GNU @code{gettext}
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library. I.e. if the file @file{intl/VERSION} shows that the library
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which comes with this package is more recent, you should use
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@example
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./configure --with-included-gettext
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@end example
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@noindent
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to prevent auto-detection.
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By default the configuration process will not test for the
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@code{catgets} function and therefore they will not be used. The
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reasons are already given above: the emulation on top of @code{catgets}
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cannot provide all the extensions provided by the GNU @code{gettext}
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library. If you nevertheless want to use the @code{catgets} functions
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use
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@example
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./configure --with-catgets
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@end example
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@noindent
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to enable the test for @code{catgets} (this causes no harm if
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@code{catgets} is not available on your system). If you really select
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this option we would like to hear about the reasons because we cannot
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think of any good one ourself.
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Internationalized packages have usually many @file{po/@var{ll}.po}
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files, where @var{ll} gives an @w{ISO 639} two-letter code
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identifying the language. Unless translations have been forbidden
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at @code{configure} time by using the @samp{--disable-nls} switch,
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all available translations are installed together with the package.
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However, the environment variable @code{LINGUAS} may be set, prior
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to configuration, to limit the installed set. @code{LINGUAS} should
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then contain a space separated list of two-letter codes, stating
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which languages are allowed.
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@node Using This Package
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@section Using This Package
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@c --
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@c FIXME: rewrite to document LANGUAGE, the long names, and aliases.
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@c --
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As a user, if your language has been installed for this package, you
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only have to set the @code{LANG} environment variable to the appropriate
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@w{ISO 639} @samp{@var{ll}} two-letter code prior to using the programs
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in the package. For example, let's suppose that you speak German. At
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the shell prompt, merely execute @w{@samp{setenv LANG de}} (in
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@code{csh}), @w{@samp{export LANG; LANG=de}} (in @code{sh}) or
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@w{@samp{export LANG=de}} (in @code{bash}). This can be done from your
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@file{.login} or @file{.profile} file, once and for all.
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@c Packages which are not internationalized will merely ignore the
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@c setting of this variable.
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@c FIXME: This last sentence is not true!! --drepper
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An operating system might already offer message localization for many of
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its programs, while other programs have been
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installed locally with the full capabilities of GNU @code{gettext}.
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Just using @code{gettext} extended syntax for @code{LANG} would break
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proper localization of already available operating system programs. In
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this case, users should set both @code{LANGUAGE} and @code{LANG}
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variables in their environment, as programs using GNU @code{gettext}
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give preference to @code{LANGUAGE}. For example, some Swedish users
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would rather read translations in German than English for when Swedish
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is not available. This is easily accomplished by setting
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@code{LANGUAGE} to @samp{sv:de} while leaving @code{LANG} to @samp{sv}.
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@node Translating Teams
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@section Translating Teams
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For the Free Translation Project to be a success, we need interested
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people who like their own language and write it well, and who are also
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able to synergize with other translators speaking the same language.
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Each translation team has its own mailing list, courtesy of Linux
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International. You may reach your translation team at the address
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@file{@var{ll}@@li.org}, replacing @var{ll} by the two-letter @w{ISO
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639} code for your language. Language codes are @emph{not} the same as
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the country codes given in @w{ISO 3166}. The following translation
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teams exist, as of @value{STATUS}:
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@quotation
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Chinese @code{zh}, Czech @code{cs}, Danish @code{da}, Dutch @code{nl},
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English @code{en}, Esperanto @code{eo}, Finnish @code{fi}, French
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@code{fr}, German @code{de}, Hungarian @code{hu}, Irish @code{ga},
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Italian @code{it}, Indonesian @code{id}, Japanese @code{ja}, Korean
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@code{ko}, Latin @code{la}, Norwegian @code{no}, Persian @code{fa},
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Polish @code{pl}, Portuguese @code{pt}, Russian @code{ru}, Slovenian
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@code{sl}, Spanish @code{es}, Swedish @code{sv}, and Turkish @code{tr}.
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@end quotation
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@noindent
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For example, you may reach the Chinese translation team by writing to
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@file{zh@@li.org}.
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If you'd like to volunteer to @emph{work} at translating messages, you
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should become a member of the translating team for your own language.
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The subscribing address is @emph{not} the same as the list itself, it
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has @samp{-request} appended. For example, speakers of Swedish can send
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a message to @w{@file{sv-request@@li.org}}, having this message body:
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@example
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subscribe
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@end example
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Keep in mind that team members are expected to participate
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@emph{actively} in translations, or at solving translational
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difficulties, rather than merely lurking around. If your team does not
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exist yet and you want to start one, or if you are unsure about what to
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do or how to get started, please write to
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@w{@file{translation@@iro.umontreal.ca}} to reach the
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coordinator for all translator teams.
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The English team is special. It works at improving and uniformizing
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the terminology in use. Proven linguistic skill are praised
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more than programming skill, here.
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@node Available Packages
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@section Available Packages
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Languages are not equally supported in all packages. The following
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matrix shows the current state of internationalization, as of
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@value{STATUS}. The matrix shows, in regard of each package, for which
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languages PO files have been submitted to translation coordination.
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@include matrix.texi
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Some counters in the preceding matrix are higher than the number of visible
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blocks let us expect. This is because a few extra PO files are used for
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implementing regional variants of languages, or language dialects.
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For a PO file in the matrix above to be effective, the package to which
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it applies should also have been internationalized and distributed as
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such by its maintainer. There might be an observable lag between the
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mere existence a PO file and its wide availability in a distribution.
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If @value{STATUS} seems to be old, you may fetch a more recent copy
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of this @file{ABOUT-NLS} file on most GNU archive sites.
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