|
|
This is Info file gettext.info, produced by Makeinfo version 1.68 from
|
|
|
the input file gettext.texi.
|
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|
|
|
|
INFO-DIR-SECTION GNU Gettext Utilities
|
|
|
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
|
|
|
* Gettext: (gettext). GNU gettext utilities.
|
|
|
* gettextize: (gettext)gettextize Invocation. Prepare a package for gettext.
|
|
|
* msgfmt: (gettext)msgfmt Invocation. Make MO files out of PO files.
|
|
|
* msgmerge: (gettext)msgmerge Invocation. Update two PO files into one.
|
|
|
* xgettext: (gettext)xgettext Invocation. Extract strings into a PO file.
|
|
|
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
|
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|
|
|
This file provides documentation for GNU `gettext' utilities. It
|
|
|
also serves as a reference for the free Translation Project.
|
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|
|
|
|
Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
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|
|
|
|
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
|
|
|
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
|
|
|
preserved on all copies.
|
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|
|
|
|
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
|
|
|
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
|
|
|
the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
|
|
|
permission notice identical to this one.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
|
|
|
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
|
|
|
versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
|
|
|
translation approved by the Foundation.
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
File: gettext.info, Node: Adjusting Files, Prev: gettextize Invocation, Up: Maintainers
|
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|
|
Files You Must Create or Alter
|
|
|
==============================
|
|
|
|
|
|
Besides files which are automatically added through `gettextize',
|
|
|
there are many files needing revision for properly interacting with GNU
|
|
|
`gettext'. If you are closely following GNU standards for Makefile
|
|
|
engineering and auto-configuration, the adaptations should be easier to
|
|
|
achieve. Here is a point by point description of the changes needed in
|
|
|
each.
|
|
|
|
|
|
So, here comes a list of files, each one followed by a description of
|
|
|
all alterations it needs. Many examples are taken out from the GNU
|
|
|
`gettext' 0.10.35 distribution itself. You may indeed refer to the
|
|
|
source code of the GNU `gettext' package, as it is intended to be a
|
|
|
good example and master implementation for using its own functionality.
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Menu:
|
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|
|
|
|
* po/POTFILES.in:: `POTFILES.in' in `po/'
|
|
|
* configure.in:: `configure.in' at top level
|
|
|
* aclocal:: `aclocal.m4' at top level
|
|
|
* acconfig:: `acconfig.h' at top level
|
|
|
* Makefile:: `Makefile.in' at top level
|
|
|
* src/Makefile:: `Makefile.in' in `src/'
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
File: gettext.info, Node: po/POTFILES.in, Next: configure.in, Prev: Adjusting Files, Up: Adjusting Files
|
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|
|
`POTFILES.in' in `po/'
|
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `po/' directory should receive a file named `POTFILES.in'. This
|
|
|
file tells which files, among all program sources, have marked strings
|
|
|
needing translation. Here is an example of such a file:
|
|
|
|
|
|
# List of source files containing translatable strings.
|
|
|
# Copyright (C) 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
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|
|
|
|
# Common library files
|
|
|
lib/error.c
|
|
|
lib/getopt.c
|
|
|
lib/xmalloc.c
|
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|
|
|
|
# Package source files
|
|
|
src/gettextp.c
|
|
|
src/msgfmt.c
|
|
|
src/xgettext.c
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dashed comments and white lines are ignored. All other lines list
|
|
|
those source files containing strings marked for translation (*note
|
|
|
Mark Keywords::.), in a notation relative to the top level of your
|
|
|
whole distribution, rather than the location of the `POTFILES.in' file
|
|
|
itself.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
File: gettext.info, Node: configure.in, Next: aclocal, Prev: po/POTFILES.in, Up: Adjusting Files
|
|
|
|
|
|
`configure.in' at top level
|
|
|
---------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Declare the package and version.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is done by a set of lines like these:
|
|
|
|
|
|
PACKAGE=gettext
|
|
|
VERSION=0.10.35
|
|
|
AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(PACKAGE, "$PACKAGE")
|
|
|
AC_DEFINE_UNQUOTED(VERSION, "$VERSION")
|
|
|
AC_SUBST(PACKAGE)
|
|
|
AC_SUBST(VERSION)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Of course, you replace `gettext' with the name of your package,
|
|
|
and `0.10.35' by its version numbers, exactly as they should
|
|
|
appear in the packaged `tar' file name of your distribution
|
|
|
(`gettext-0.10.35.tar.gz', here).
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. Declare the available translations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is done by defining `ALL_LINGUAS' to the white separated,
|
|
|
quoted list of available languages, in a single line, like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
ALL_LINGUAS="de fr"
|
|
|
|
|
|
This example means that German and French PO files are available,
|
|
|
so that these languages are currently supported by your package.
|
|
|
If you want to further restrict, at installation time, the set of
|
|
|
installed languages, this should not be done by modifying
|
|
|
`ALL_LINGUAS' in `configure.in', but rather by using the `LINGUAS'
|
|
|
environment variable (*note Installers::.).
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. Check for internationalization support.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Here is the main `m4' macro for triggering internationalization
|
|
|
support. Just add this line to `configure.in':
|
|
|
|
|
|
AM_GNU_GETTEXT
|
|
|
|
|
|
This call is purposely simple, even if it generates a lot of
|
|
|
configure time checking and actions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. Have output files created.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The `AC_OUTPUT' directive, at the end of your `configure.in' file,
|
|
|
needs to be modified in two ways:
|
|
|
|
|
|
AC_OUTPUT([EXISTING CONFIGURATION FILES intl/Makefile po/Makefile.in],
|
|
|
EXISTING ADDITIONAL ACTIONS])
|
|
|
|
|
|
The modification to the first argument to `AC_OUTPUT' asks for
|
|
|
substitution in the `intl/' and `po/' directories. Note the `.in'
|
|
|
suffix used for `po/' only. This is because the distributed file
|
|
|
is really `po/Makefile.in.in'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
File: gettext.info, Node: aclocal, Next: acconfig, Prev: configure.in, Up: Adjusting Files
|
|
|
|
|
|
`aclocal.m4' at top level
|
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you do not have an `aclocal.m4' file in your distribution, the
|
|
|
simplest is taking a copy of `aclocal.m4' from GNU `gettext'. But to
|
|
|
be precise, you only need macros `AM_LC_MESSAGES', `AM_WITH_NLS' and
|
|
|
`AM_GNU_GETTEXT', and `AM_PATH_PROG_WITH_TEST', which is called by
|
|
|
`AM_WITH_NLS', so you may use an editor and remove macros you do not
|
|
|
need.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you already have an `aclocal.m4' file, then you will have to
|
|
|
merge the said macros into your `aclocal.m4'. Note that if you are
|
|
|
upgrading from a previous release of GNU `gettext', you should most
|
|
|
probably *replace* the said macros, as they usually change a little
|
|
|
from one release of GNU `gettext' to the next. Their contents may vary
|
|
|
as we get more experience with strange systems out there.
|
|
|
|
|
|
These macros check for the internationalization support functions
|
|
|
and related informations. Hopefully, once stabilized, these macros
|
|
|
might be integrated in the standard Autoconf set, because this piece of
|
|
|
`m4' code will be the same for all projects using GNU `gettext'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
File: gettext.info, Node: acconfig, Next: Makefile, Prev: aclocal, Up: Adjusting Files
|
|
|
|
|
|
`acconfig.h' at top level
|
|
|
-------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you do not have an `acconfig.h' file in your distribution, the
|
|
|
simplest is use take a copy of `acconfig.h' from GNU `gettext'. But to
|
|
|
be precise, you only need the lines and comments for `ENABLE_NLS',
|
|
|
`HAVE_CATGETS', `HAVE_GETTEXT' and `HAVE_LC_MESSAGES', `HAVE_STPCPY',
|
|
|
`PACKAGE' and `VERSION', so you may use an editor and remove everything
|
|
|
else. If you already have an `acconfig.h' file, then you should merge
|
|
|
the said definitions into your `acconfig.h'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
File: gettext.info, Node: Makefile, Next: src/Makefile, Prev: acconfig, Up: Adjusting Files
|
|
|
|
|
|
`Makefile.in' at top level
|
|
|
--------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Here are a few modifications you need to make to your main, top-level
|
|
|
`Makefile.in' file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Add the following lines near the beginning of your `Makefile.in',
|
|
|
so the `dist:' goal will work properly (as explained further down):
|
|
|
|
|
|
PACKAGE = @PACKAGE@
|
|
|
VERSION = @VERSION@
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. Add file `ABOUT-NLS' to the `DISTFILES' definition, so the file
|
|
|
gets distributed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. Wherever you process subdirectories in your `Makefile.in', be sure
|
|
|
you also process dir subdirectories `intl' and `po'. Special
|
|
|
rules in the `Makefiles' take care for the case where no
|
|
|
internationalization is wanted.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you are using Makefiles, either generated by automake, or
|
|
|
hand-written so they carefully follow the GNU coding standards,
|
|
|
the effected goals for which the new subdirectories must be
|
|
|
handled include `installdirs', `install', `uninstall', `clean',
|
|
|
`distclean'.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Here is an example of a canonical order of processing. In this
|
|
|
example, we also define `SUBDIRS' in `Makefile.in' for it to be
|
|
|
further used in the `dist:' goal.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUBDIRS = doc lib @INTLSUB@ src @POSUB@
|
|
|
|
|
|
that you will have to adapt to your own package.
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. A delicate point is the `dist:' goal, as both `intl/Makefile' and
|
|
|
`po/Makefile' will later assume that the proper directory has been
|
|
|
set up from the main `Makefile'. Here is an example at what the
|
|
|
`dist:' goal might look like:
|
|
|
|
|
|
distdir = $(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION)
|
|
|
dist: Makefile
|
|
|
rm -fr $(distdir)
|
|
|
mkdir $(distdir)
|
|
|
chmod 777 $(distdir)
|
|
|
for file in $(DISTFILES); do \
|
|
|
ln $$file $(distdir) 2>/dev/null || cp -p $$file $(distdir); \
|
|
|
done
|
|
|
for subdir in $(SUBDIRS); do \
|
|
|
mkdir $(distdir)/$$subdir || exit 1; \
|
|
|
chmod 777 $(distdir)/$$subdir; \
|
|
|
(cd $$subdir && $(MAKE) $@) || exit 1; \
|
|
|
done
|
|
|
tar chozf $(distdir).tar.gz $(distdir)
|
|
|
rm -fr $(distdir)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
File: gettext.info, Node: src/Makefile, Prev: Makefile, Up: Adjusting Files
|
|
|
|
|
|
`Makefile.in' in `src/'
|
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some of the modifications made in the main `Makefile.in' will also
|
|
|
be needed in the `Makefile.in' from your package sources, which we
|
|
|
assume here to be in the `src/' subdirectory. Here are all the
|
|
|
modifications needed in `src/Makefile.in':
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. In view of the `dist:' goal, you should have these lines near the
|
|
|
beginning of `src/Makefile.in':
|
|
|
|
|
|
PACKAGE = @PACKAGE@
|
|
|
VERSION = @VERSION@
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. If not done already, you should guarantee that `top_srcdir' gets
|
|
|
defined. This will serve for `cpp' include files. Just add the
|
|
|
line:
|
|
|
|
|
|
top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. You might also want to define `subdir' as `src', later allowing
|
|
|
for almost uniform `dist:' goals in all your `Makefile.in'. At
|
|
|
list, the `dist:' goal below assume that you used:
|
|
|
|
|
|
subdir = src
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. You should ensure that the final linking will use `@INTLLIBS@' as
|
|
|
a library. An easy way to achieve this is to manage that it gets
|
|
|
into `LIBS', like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIBS = @INTLLIBS@ @LIBS@
|
|
|
|
|
|
In most packages internationalized with GNU `gettext', one will
|
|
|
find a directory `lib/' in which a library containing some helper
|
|
|
functions will be build. (You need at least the few functions
|
|
|
which the GNU `gettext' Library itself needs.) However some of
|
|
|
the functions in the `lib/' also give messages to the user which
|
|
|
of course should be translated, too. Taking care of this it is
|
|
|
not enough to place the support library (say `libsupport.a') just
|
|
|
between the `@INTLLIBS@' and `@LIBS@' in the above example.
|
|
|
Instead one has to write this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIBS = ../lib/libsupport.a @INTLLIBS@ ../lib/libsupport.a @LIBS@
|
|
|
|
|
|
5. You should also ensure that directory `intl/' will be searched for
|
|
|
C preprocessor include files in all circumstances. So, you have to
|
|
|
manage so both `-I../intl' and `-I$(top_srcdir)/intl' will be
|
|
|
given to the C compiler.
|
|
|
|
|
|
6. Your `dist:' goal has to conform with others. Here is a
|
|
|
reasonable definition for it:
|
|
|
|
|
|
distdir = ../$(PACKAGE)-$(VERSION)/$(subdir)
|
|
|
dist: Makefile $(DISTFILES)
|
|
|
for file in $(DISTFILES); do \
|
|
|
ln $$file $(distdir) 2>/dev/null || cp -p $$file $(distdir); \
|
|
|
done
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
File: gettext.info, Node: Conclusion, Next: Country Codes, Prev: Maintainers, Up: Top
|
|
|
|
|
|
Concluding Remarks
|
|
|
******************
|
|
|
|
|
|
We would like to conclude this GNU `gettext' manual by presenting an
|
|
|
history of the Translation Project so far. We finally give a few
|
|
|
pointers for those who want to do further research or readings about
|
|
|
Native Language Support matters.
|
|
|
|
|
|
* Menu:
|
|
|
|
|
|
* History:: History of GNU `gettext'
|
|
|
* References:: Related Readings
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
File: gettext.info, Node: History, Next: References, Prev: Conclusion, Up: Conclusion
|
|
|
|
|
|
History of GNU `gettext'
|
|
|
========================
|
|
|
|
|
|
Internationalization concerns and algorithms have been informally
|
|
|
and casually discussed for years in GNU, sometimes around GNU `libc',
|
|
|
maybe around the incoming `Hurd', or otherwise (nobody clearly
|
|
|
remembers). And even then, when the work started for real, this was
|
|
|
somewhat independently of these previous discussions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This all began in July 1994, when Patrick D'Cruze had the idea and
|
|
|
initiative of internationalizing version 3.9.2 of GNU `fileutils'. He
|
|
|
then asked Jim Meyering, the maintainer, how to get those changes
|
|
|
folded into an official release. That first draft was full of
|
|
|
`#ifdef's and somewhat disconcerting, and Jim wanted to find nicer
|
|
|
ways. Patrick and Jim shared some tries and experimentations in this
|
|
|
area. Then, feeling that this might eventually have a deeper impact on
|
|
|
GNU, Jim wanted to know what standards were, and contacted Richard
|
|
|
Stallman, who very quickly and verbally described an overall design for
|
|
|
what was meant to become `glocale', at that time.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jim implemented `glocale' and got a lot of exhausting feedback from
|
|
|
Patrick and Richard, of course, but also from Mitchum DSouza (who wrote
|
|
|
a `catgets'-like package), Roland McGrath, maybe David MacKenzie,
|
|
|
Franc,ois Pinard, and Paul Eggert, all pushing and pulling in various
|
|
|
directions, not always compatible, to the extent that after a couple of
|
|
|
test releases, `glocale' was torn apart.
|
|
|
|
|
|
While Jim took some distance and time and became dad for a second
|
|
|
time, Roland wanted to get GNU `libc' internationalized, and got Ulrich
|
|
|
Drepper involved in that project. Instead of starting from `glocale',
|
|
|
Ulrich rewrote something from scratch, but more conformant to the set
|
|
|
of guidelines who emerged out of the `glocale' effort. Then, Ulrich
|
|
|
got people from the previous forum to involve themselves into this new
|
|
|
project, and the switch from `glocale' to what was first named
|
|
|
`msgutils', renamed `nlsutils', and later `gettext', became officially
|
|
|
accepted by Richard in May 1995 or so.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Let's summarize by saying that Ulrich Drepper wrote GNU `gettext' in
|
|
|
April 1995. The first official release of the package, including PO
|
|
|
mode, occurred in July 1995, and was numbered 0.7. Other people
|
|
|
contributed to the effort by providing a discussion forum around
|
|
|
Ulrich, writing little pieces of code, or testing. These are quoted in
|
|
|
the `THANKS' file which comes with the GNU `gettext' distribution.
|
|
|
|
|
|
While this was being done, Franc,ois adapted half a dozen of GNU
|
|
|
packages to `glocale' first, then later to `gettext', putting them in
|
|
|
pretest, so providing along the way an effective user environment for
|
|
|
fine tuning the evolving tools. He also took the responsibility of
|
|
|
organizing and coordinating the Translation Project. After nearly a
|
|
|
year of informal exchanges between people from many countries,
|
|
|
translator teams started to exist in May 1995, through the creation and
|
|
|
support by Patrick D'Cruze of twenty unmoderated mailing lists for that
|
|
|
many native languages, and two moderated lists: one for reaching all
|
|
|
teams at once, the other for reaching all willing maintainers of
|
|
|
internationalized free software packages.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Franc,ois also wrote PO mode in June 1995 with the collaboration of
|
|
|
Greg McGary, as a kind of contribution to Ulrich's package. He also
|
|
|
gave a hand with the GNU `gettext' Texinfo manual.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
File: gettext.info, Node: References, Prev: History, Up: Conclusion
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related Readings
|
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eugene H. Dorr (`dorre@well.com') maintains an interesting
|
|
|
bibliography on internationalization matters, called
|
|
|
`Internationalization Reference List', which is available as:
|
|
|
ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/doc/i18n-books.txt
|
|
|
|
|
|
Michael Gschwind (`mike@vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at') maintains a
|
|
|
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) list, entitled `Programming for
|
|
|
Internationalisation'. This FAQ discusses writing programs which can
|
|
|
handle different language conventions, character sets, etc.; and is
|
|
|
applicable to all character set encodings, with particular emphasis on
|
|
|
ISO 8859-1. It is regularly published in Usenet groups
|
|
|
`comp.unix.questions', `comp.std.internat',
|
|
|
`comp.software.international', `comp.lang.c', `comp.windows.x',
|
|
|
`comp.std.c', `comp.answers' and `news.answers'. The home location of
|
|
|
this document is:
|
|
|
ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit/ISO-programming
|
|
|
|
|
|
Patrick D'Cruze (`pdcruze@li.org') wrote a tutorial about NLS
|
|
|
matters, and Jochen Hein (`Hein@student.tu-clausthal.de') took over the
|
|
|
responsibility of maintaining it. It may be found as:
|
|
|
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/nls/catalogs/Incoming/...
|
|
|
...locale-tutorial-0.8.txt.gz
|
|
|
|
|
|
This site is mirrored in:
|
|
|
ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub/linux/sunsite/
|
|
|
|
|
|
A French version of the same tutorial should be findable at:
|
|
|
ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub/linux/french/docs/
|
|
|
|
|
|
together with French translations of many Linux-related documents.
|
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|
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|
File: gettext.info, Node: Country Codes, Prev: Conclusion, Up: Top
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Country Codes
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*************
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The ISO 639 standard defines two character codes for many countries.
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All abreviations for countries or languages used in the Translation
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Project should come from this standard.
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`aa'
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Afar.
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`ab'
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Abkhazian.
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`af'
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Afrikaans.
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`am'
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Amharic.
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`ar'
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Arabic.
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`as'
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Assamese.
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`ay'
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Aymara.
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`az'
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Azerbaijani.
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`ba'
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Bashkir.
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`be'
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Byelorussian.
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`bg'
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Bulgarian.
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`bh'
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Bihari.
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`bi'
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Bislama.
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`bn'
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Bengali; Bangla.
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`bo'
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Tibetan.
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`br'
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Breton.
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`ca'
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Catalan.
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`co'
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Corsican.
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`cs'
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Czech.
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`cy'
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Welsh.
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`da'
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Danish.
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`de'
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German.
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`dz'
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Bhutani.
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`el'
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Greek.
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`en'
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English.
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`eo'
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Esperanto.
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`es'
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Spanish.
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`et'
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Estonian.
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`eu'
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Basque.
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`fa'
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Persian.
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`fi'
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Finnish.
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`fj'
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Fiji.
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`fo'
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Faroese.
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`fr'
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French.
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`fy'
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Frisian.
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`ga'
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Irish.
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`gd'
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Scots Gaelic.
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`gl'
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Galician.
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`gn'
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Guarani.
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`gu'
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Gujarati.
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`ha'
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Hausa.
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`he'
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Hebrew (formerly iw).
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`hi'
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Hindi.
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`hr'
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Croatian.
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`hu'
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Hungarian.
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`hy'
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Armenian.
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`ia'
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Interlingua.
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`id'
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Indonesian (formerly in).
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`ie'
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Interlingue.
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`ik'
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Inupiak.
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`is'
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Icelandic.
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`it'
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Italian.
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`iu'
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Inuktitut.
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`ja'
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Japanese.
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`jw'
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Javanese.
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`ka'
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Georgian.
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`kk'
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Kazakh.
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`kl'
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Greenlandic.
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`km'
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Cambodian.
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`kn'
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Kannada.
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`ko'
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Korean.
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`ks'
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Kashmiri.
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`ku'
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Kurdish.
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`ky'
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Kirghiz.
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`la'
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Latin.
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`ln'
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Lingala.
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`lo'
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Laothian.
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`lt'
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Lithuanian.
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`lv'
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Latvian, Lettish.
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`mg'
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Malagasy.
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`mi'
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Maori.
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`mk'
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Macedonian.
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`ml'
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Malayalam.
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`mn'
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|
Mongolian.
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`mo'
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|
Moldavian.
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`mr'
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|
Marathi.
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`ms'
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|
Malay.
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`mt'
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Maltese.
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`my'
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|
Burmese.
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`na'
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|
Nauru.
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`ne'
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|
Nepali.
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`nl'
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|
Dutch.
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`no'
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|
Norwegian.
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|
`oc'
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|
Occitan.
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|
`om'
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|
|
(Afan) Oromo.
|
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`or'
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|
Oriya.
|
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|
`pa'
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|
Punjabi.
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`pl'
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|
Polish.
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`ps'
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|
Pashto, Pushto.
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|
`pt'
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|
Portuguese.
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`qu'
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|
Quechua.
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`rm'
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|
Rhaeto-Romance.
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`rn'
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|
Kirundi.
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`ro'
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|
|
Romanian.
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`ru'
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|
Russian.
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`rw'
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|
Kinyarwanda.
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`sa'
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|
|
Sanskrit.
|
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|
`sd'
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|
|
Sindhi.
|
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|
`sg'
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|
|
Sangro.
|
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|
`sh'
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|
|
Serbo-Croatian.
|
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|
`si'
|
|
|
Sinhalese.
|
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|
`sk'
|
|
|
Slovak.
|
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|
`sl'
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|
|
Slovenian.
|
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|
`sm'
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|
|
Samoan.
|
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|
`sn'
|
|
|
Shona.
|
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|
`so'
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|
|
Somali.
|
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|
`sq'
|
|
|
Albanian.
|
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|
`sr'
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|
Serbian.
|
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|
`ss'
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|
Siswati.
|
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`st'
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|
Sesotho.
|
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`su'
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|
Sundanese.
|
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|
`sv'
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|
|
Swedish.
|
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|
`sw'
|
|
|
Swahili.
|
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|
`ta'
|
|
|
Tamil.
|
|
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|
|
`te'
|
|
|
Telugu.
|
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|
`tg'
|
|
|
Tajik.
|
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|
`th'
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|
|
Thai.
|
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|
`ti'
|
|
|
Tigrinya.
|
|
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|
`tk'
|
|
|
Turkmen.
|
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|
`tl'
|
|
|
Tagalog.
|
|
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|
`tn'
|
|
|
Setswana.
|
|
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|
`to'
|
|
|
Tonga.
|
|
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|
`tr'
|
|
|
Turkish.
|
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|
|
`ts'
|
|
|
Tsonga.
|
|
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|
|
|
`tt'
|
|
|
Tatar.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`tw'
|
|
|
Twi.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`ug'
|
|
|
Uighur.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`uk'
|
|
|
Ukrainian.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`ur'
|
|
|
Urdu.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`uz'
|
|
|
Uzbek.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`vi'
|
|
|
Vietnamese.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`vo'
|
|
|
Volapuk.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`wo'
|
|
|
Wolof.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`xh'
|
|
|
Xhosa.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`yi'
|
|
|
Yiddish (formerly ji).
|
|
|
|
|
|
`yo'
|
|
|
Yoruba.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`za'
|
|
|
Zhuang.
|
|
|
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|
|
`zh'
|
|
|
Chinese.
|
|
|
|
|
|
`zu'
|
|
|
Zulu.
|
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|
