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293 lines
6.8 KiB
293 lines
6.8 KiB
3 years ago
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.\"
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.\" Man page for dcraw
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2015 by David Coffin
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.\"
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.\" You may distribute without restriction.
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.\"
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.\" David Coffin
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.\" dcoffin a cybercom o net
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.\" http://www.cybercom.net/~dcoffin
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.\"
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.TH dcraw 1 "March 3, 2015"
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.LO 1
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.SH NAME
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dcraw - command-line decoder for raw digital photos
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B dcraw
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[\fIOPTION\fR]... [\fIFILE\fR]...
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B dcraw
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decodes raw photos, displays metadata, and extracts thumbnails.
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.SH GENERAL OPTIONS
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.TP
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.B -v
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Print verbose messages, not just warnings and errors.
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.TP
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.B -c
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Write decoded images or thumbnails to standard output.
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.TP
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.B -e
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Extract the camera-generated thumbnail, not the raw image.
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You'll get either a JPEG or a PPM file, depending on the camera.
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.TP
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.B -z
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Change the access and modification times of an AVI, JPEG, TIFF or raw
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file to when the photo was taken, assuming that the camera clock
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was set to Universal Time.
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.TP
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.B -i
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Identify files but don't decode them.
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Exit status is 0 if
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.B dcraw
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can decode the last file, 1 if it can't.
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.B -i -v
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shows metadata.
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.TP
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.B ""
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.B dcraw
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cannot decode JPEG files!!
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.SH REPAIR OPTIONS
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.TP
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.B -I
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Read the raw pixels from standard input in CPU byte order with
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no header. Use
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.B dcraw -E -4
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to get the raw pixel values.
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.TP
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.B -P deadpixels.txt
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Read the dead pixel list from this file instead of ".badpixels".
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See
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.B FILES
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for a description of the format.
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.TP
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.B -K darkframe.pgm
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Subtract a dark frame from the raw data. To generate a
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dark frame, shoot a raw photo with no light and do
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.BR dcraw\ -D\ -4\ -j\ -t\ 0 .
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.TP
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.B -k darkness
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When shadows appear foggy, you need to raise the darkness level.
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To measure this, apply
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.B pamsumm -mean
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to the dark frame generated above.
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.TP
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.B -S saturation
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When highlights appear pink, you need to lower the saturation level.
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To measure this, take a picture of something shiny and do
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.B dcraw -D -4 -j -c
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photo.raw
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.B | pamsumm -max
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.TP
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.B ""
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The default darkness and saturation are usually correct.
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.TP
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.B -n noise_threshold
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Use wavelets to erase noise while preserving real detail.
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The best threshold should be somewhere between 100 and 1000.
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.TP
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.B -C red_mag blue_mag
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Enlarge the raw red and blue layers by the given factors,
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typically 0.999 to 1.001, to correct chromatic aberration.
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.TP
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.B -H 0
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Clip all highlights to solid white (default).
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.TP
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.B -H 1
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Leave highlights unclipped in various shades of pink.
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.TP
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.B -H 2
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Blend clipped and unclipped values together for a gradual fade
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to white.
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.TP
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.B -H 3+
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Reconstruct highlights. Low numbers favor whites; high numbers
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favor colors. Try
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.B -H 5
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as a compromise. If that's not good enough, do
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.BR -H\ 9 ,
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cut out the non-white highlights, and paste them into an image
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generated with
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.BR -H\ 3 .
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.SH COLOR OPTIONS
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By default,
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.B dcraw
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uses a fixed white balance based on a color chart illuminated
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with a standard D65 lamp.
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.TP
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.B -w
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Use the white balance specified by the camera.
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If this is not found, print a warning and use another method.
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.TP
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.B -a
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Calculate the white balance by averaging the entire image.
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.TP
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.B -A left top width height
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Calculate the white balance by averaging a rectangular area.
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First do
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.B dcraw\ -j\ -t\ 0
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and select an area of neutral grey color.
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.TP
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.B -r mul0 mul1 mul2 mul3
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Specify your own raw white balance.
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These multipliers can be cut and pasted from the output of
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.BR dcraw\ -v .
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.TP
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.BR +M " or " -M
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Use (or don't use) any color matrix from the camera metadata.
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The default is
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.B +M
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if
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.B -w
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is set or the photo is in DNG format,
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.B -M
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otherwise. Besides DNG,
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this option only affects Olympus, Leaf, and Phase One cameras.
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.TP
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.B -o [0-6]
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Select the output colorspace when the
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.B -p
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option is not used:
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.B \t0
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\ \ Raw color (unique to each camera)
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.br
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.B \t1
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\ \ sRGB D65 (default)
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.br
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.B \t2
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\ \ Adobe RGB (1998) D65
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.br
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.B \t3
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\ \ Wide Gamut RGB D65
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.br
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.B \t4
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\ \ Kodak ProPhoto RGB D65
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.br
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.B \t5
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\ \ XYZ
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.br
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.B \t6
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\ \ ACES
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.TP
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.BR -p\ camera.icm \ [\ -o\ output.icm \ ]
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Use ICC profiles to define the camera's raw colorspace and the
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desired output colorspace (sRGB by default).
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.TP
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.B -p embed
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Use the ICC profile embedded in the raw photo.
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.SH INTERPOLATION OPTIONS
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.TP
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.B -d
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Show the raw data as a grayscale image with no interpolation.
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Good for photographing black-and-white documents.
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.TP
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.B -D
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Same as
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.BR -d ,
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but with the original unscaled pixel values.
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.TP
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.B -E
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Same as
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.BR -D ,
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but masked pixels are not cropped.
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.TP
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.B -h
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Output a half-size color image. Twice as fast as
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.BR -q\ 0 .
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.TP
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.B -q 0
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Use high-speed, low-quality bilinear interpolation.
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.TP
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.B -q 1
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Use Variable Number of Gradients (VNG) interpolation.
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.TP
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.B -q 2
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Use Patterned Pixel Grouping (PPG) interpolation.
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.TP
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.B -q 3
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Use Adaptive Homogeneity-Directed (AHD) interpolation.
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.TP
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.B -f
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Interpolate RGB as four colors. Use this if the output shows
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false 2x2 meshes with VNG or mazes with AHD.
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.TP
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.B -m number_of_passes
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After interpolation, clean up color artifacts by repeatedly
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applying a 3x3 median filter to the R-G and B-G channels.
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.SH OUTPUT OPTIONS
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By default,
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.B dcraw
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writes PGM/PPM/PAM with 8-bit samples, a BT.709 gamma curve,
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a histogram-based white level, and no metadata.
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.TP
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.B -W
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Use a fixed white level, ignoring the image histogram.
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.TP
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.B -b brightness
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Divide the white level by this number, 1.0 by default.
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.TP
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.B -g power toe_slope
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Set the gamma curve, by default BT.709
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.RB ( -g\ 2.222\ 4.5 ).
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If you prefer sRGB gamma, use
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.BR -g\ 2.4\ 12.92 .
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For a simple power curve, set the toe slope to zero.
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.TP
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.B -6
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Write sixteen bits per sample instead of eight.
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.TP
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.B -4
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Linear 16-bit, same as
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.BR -6\ -W\ -g\ 1\ 1 .
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.TP
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.B -T
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Write TIFF with metadata instead of PGM/PPM/PAM.
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.TP
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.B -t [0-7,90,180,270]
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Flip the output image. By default,
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.B dcraw
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applies the flip specified by the camera.
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.B -t 0
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disables all flipping.
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.TP
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.B -j
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For Fuji\ Super\ CCD cameras, show the image tilted 45 degrees.
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For cameras with non-square pixels, do not stretch the image to
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its correct aspect ratio. In any case, this option guarantees
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that each output pixel corresponds to one raw pixel.
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.TP
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.BR "-s [0..N-1]" " or " "-s all"
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If a file contains N raw images, choose one or "all" to decode.
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For example, Fuji\ Super\ CCD\ SR cameras generate a second image
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underexposed four stops to show detail in the highlights.
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.SH FILES
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.TP
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\:./.badpixels, ../.badpixels, ../../.badpixels, ...
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List of your camera's dead pixels, so that
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.B dcraw
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can interpolate around them. Each line specifies the column,
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row, and UNIX time of death for one pixel. For example:
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.sp 1
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.nf
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962 91 1028350000 # died between August 1 and 4, 2002
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1285 1067 0 # don't know when this pixel died
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.fi
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.sp 1
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These coordinates are before any stretching or rotation, so use
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.B dcraw -j -t 0
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to locate dead pixels.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR pgm (5),
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.BR ppm (5),
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.BR pam (5),
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.BR pamsumm (1),
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.BR pnmgamma (1),
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.BR pnmtotiff (1),
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.BR pnmtopng (1),
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.BR gphoto2 (1),
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.BR cjpeg (1),
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.BR djpeg (1)
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.SH AUTHOR
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Written by David Coffin, dcoffin a cybercom o net
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